Medical Laboratory Sciences provides a comprehensive foundation for individuals interested in the biological and chemical sciences, supporting careers in clinical diagnostics, biomedical research, and allied health services. Medical laboratory scientists are trained professionals responsible for performing analytical tests that aid clinicians in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of disease. They also contribute to scientific research and the development and validation of novel diagnostic methodologies.

The discipline encompasses a wide range of laboratory investigations, including the chemical and physical analysis of body fluids (clinical chemistry and urinalysis); the examination of blood and its cellular components (haematology); the isolation, culture, and identification of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites (clinical microbiology and parasitology); and the detection of disease-associated antibodies in serum (immunology and serology). It further includes blood collection, processing, storage, compatibility testing, and other immunohematology procedures (blood banking). Additionally, medical laboratory scientists prepare tissue specimens for histopathological, cytological, and cytogenetic evaluation.

Competence in this field requires a thorough understanding of theoretical scientific principles as well as proficiency in laboratory techniques and analytical procedures. Medical laboratory scientists are employed in hospital and clinical laboratories, academic medical canters, research institutions, public health laboratories, and other healthcare-related organizations.

In addition to offering a four-year degree program in Medical Laboratory Sciences, the department provides in-service continuing education to Medical Laboratory Scientists working in the Hospitals of Kuwait, by organizing workshops and other educational activities. The department also offers consultation services and acts as a resource centre for the various disciplines of Medical Laboratory Sciences.

The Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS), U.K., granted accreditation to the B.Sc., programme in the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences in the year 2011. Ever since it has been renewed for every 5 years. The Current renewal is up to 2025. Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS) was founded  in 1912 in the United Kingdom and is considered one of the world's oldest leading accreditation body in the field of Biomedical Science. The Institute of Biomedical Science is also licensed to award the designations such as  Registered Scientist and Registered Science Technician.

In addition to the B.Sc., degree, the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences offers a master’s degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences.  The master’s program in Medical Laboratory Sciences was developed to cater for the need of graduates in Medical Laboratory Sciences and related areas for higher studies. The most distinct feature of this proposed program is its unique professional and practical training. This program has made valuable contribution towards raising the standard of hospital laboratory service and the quality of health care system in Kuwait.